Proceedings Sriwijaya International Conference on Medical Sciences

From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Breakthroughs: Herbal Medicine in the Era of Advanced Pharmacotherapy

Norzila Ismail — 2026-01-18

Herbal medicine has been an integral part of human healthcare for millennia, providing the foundation for many modern pharmaceuticals. This manuscript explores the continuum from ancient herbal wisdom, particularly the teachings of Avicenna, to contemporary pharmacotherapy. Principles such as personalized care, lifestyle modification, and holistic wellness are echoed in modern concepts of pharmacogenomics, immunomodulation, and integrative medicine. Advances in nanotechnology, analytical chemistry, and artificial intelligence now allow precise identification, formulation, and evaluation of bioactive compounds derived from plants. The example of Pereskia bleo demonstrates the potential of traditional herbs in anticancer research, including apoptosis induction in triple-negative breast and cervical cancer cells, as well as immunostimulatory effects on natural killer cells. Challenges in standardization, bioavailability, and clinical validation remain, yet integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific tools presents opportunities for safer, personalized, and effective therapeutics. The dialogue between past and present underscores the value of combining ancestral wisdom with modern pharmacology to shape the future of medicine.

The Role of Melatonin on Cortisol Level and Anxiety-like Behaviour Induced by Light at Night in Sprague Dawley Rats

Andi Noor Kholidha Syarifin — 2026-01-18

Circadian rhythm disruption due to artificial light at night (LAN) is increasingly recognized as a factor for neuroendocrine and behavioral disturbance. This study investigated the effects of varying nocturnal light intensities on plasma cortisol levels and anxiety-like behavior in male Sprague Dawley rats and evaluated the potential neuroprotective role of melatonin. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: Control (dark, 0 lux), Dim light, Dim light with melatonin (DLAN + Mel), Continuous Light Exposure (CLE), and CLE with melatonin (CLE + Mel). Melatonin was administration orally at 10 mg/kg body weight daily for five weeks. Cortisol levels were measured using ELISA, and anxiety-like behavior was assessed via the Open Field Test (OFT). Exposure to dim and continuous light at night elevated plasma cortisol concentrations compared to the control, with the CLE group showing the highest levels. Melatonin administration significantly reduced cortisol levels in the CLE + Mel group (p < 0.05) relative to CLE alone. Behavioral analysis showed that light-exposed rats exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors, indicated by reduced center entries and center time. Melatonin treatment improved exploratory behavior and decreased anxiety-like responses. These findings suggest that higher-intensity nocturnal light exposure exacerbates stress hormone secretion and anxiety, while melatonin mitigates these adverse effects by modulating HPA axis activity and stabilizing circadian rhythm.

Impact of Physiological Changes in Various Region of The Brain Under Psychosocial Stress

Eka Febri Zulissetiana — 2026-01-18

Psychosocial stress is the body’s response to psychological stressors faced by individuals due to external and internal factors that challenge psychological and emotional balance. Psychosocial stress is known to affect the structure and function of various regions in the brain, thereby affecting cognitive abilities and individual susceptibility to various psychopathological disorders. This literature review aims to examine the impact of physiological changes in various regions of the brain associated with responses to psychosocial stress. The main components of the stress system are the hypothalamus and brainstem and include corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, as well as CRH neurons from paragigantocellular and parabranchial nuclei of the medulla, as well as the locus coeruleus (LC) and another group of the cells that synthesize catecholamines, norepinephrine (NE) from the medulla and pons (central sympathetic nervous system). Furthermore, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, along with the efferent sympathetic/adrenomedullary system, form the peripheral component of this interconnected system. Psychosocial stress can predispose to cognitive and emotional deficits due to disruption in the brain connectivity of the various brain regions involved such as dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral PFC, hippocampus and amygdala.

Association of systemic inflammatory markers and serum immunoglobulin E levels with severity of atopic dermatitis

Wenty Septa Aldona — 2026-01-18

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial pathogenesis and variable clinical manifestations that significantly impair quality of life. Scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index is widely used to assess severity but remains subjective and dependent on trained assessors. Systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) may serve as more objective indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the association between these systemic inflammatory markers, serum IgE levels, and AD severity. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 AD patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from April to June 2025. Disease severity was assessed using the SCORAD index and categorized as mild–moderate or severe. Systemic inflammatory markers were derived from complete blood count results, and serum IgE levels were measured using immunoserological assays. ELR and serum IgE levels showed significant associations with AD severity, with higher mean values in the severe group (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that ELR >0.217 and serum IgE >418.65 IU/mL were associated with 22.3-fold and 42-fold increased risks of severe AD, respectively. The Th2-dominant immune response in AD, involving IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, underlies elevated eosinophil activity and IgE overproduction. ELR and serum IgE levels are significantly associated with AD severity and may serve as objective markers for assessing disease severity.

Advances in Human iPSC Models and Stem Cell Secretome Therapy for Cardiometabolic Diseases

Ayeshah Augusta Rosdah — 2026-01-18

Cardiometabolic diseases remain a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, with therapeutic progress limited by a persistent gap between preclinical models and clinical outcomes. This review highlights recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac organoids and stem cell secretome–based regenerative strategies as emerging solutions to this challenge. Cardiac organoids recapitulate key features of human heart tissue and enable physiologically relevant modeling of ischemia–reperfusion injury, diabetes-related metabolic stress, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. In parallel, regenerative cardiology has shifted toward cell-free approaches based on paracrine mechanisms, including secretome delivery via implantable immunoisolated devices. Remaining challenges include organoid standardization, secretome characterization, and evolving regulatory pathways. Continued integration of cardiac organoid platforms with secretome-based delivery technologies is expected to advance translational research and therapeutic development for cardiometabolic diseases.

Evaluation of Off-Label Use of Sucralfate Suspension for the Treatment of Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Patients with Stoma

Nurhasna Sushmita Sari — 2026-01-18

Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) is a common complication among stoma patients. Sucralfate has been shown to form a protective barrier over irritated skin and stimulate the production of growth factors such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), thereby accelerating tissue regeneration. In Indonesia, sucralfate suspension is frequently used off-label as a topical agent for ICD management. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical sucralfate suspension + NaCl 0.9% therapy compared with NaCl 0.9% only in improving clinical outcomes in stoma patients with ICD. A retrospective study was conducted using medical records from RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito, Yogyakarta, between March 2023 and March 2025. Among 66 stoma patients identified, 50 met the inclusion criteria (25 received sucralfate + NaCl 0.9% and 25 received NaCl 0.9% only). Clinical outcomes included changes in skin irritation and pain reduction (ΔVAS) from day 1 to day 3. Additional variables such as age, sex, comorbidities, type of stoma, albumin level, and leukocyte count were analyzed using Chi-Square tests. The sucralfate group demonstrated significantly greater pain reduction (ΔVAS = 0.88 ± 0.881; p = 0.003) and a higher rate of irritation improvement (84% vs 56%; p = 0.031; COR = 4.125; 95% CI: 1.092–15.585). In conclusion, off-label sucralfate provides better clinical outcomes in treating ICD, so it can be considered as an alternative therapy for patients.

Assessment of Community Health Volunteers’ Knowledge on Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in Nagari Salimpek, Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra

Rahmatini — 2026-01-18

Nagari Salimpek is a village located in the Alahan Panjang District, West Sumatra. Currently, three Family Medicinal Plants (Tanaman Obat Keluarga or TOGA) gardens are active in the area, cultivating species such as Javanese ginseng, ginger, and others. There are ongoing efforts to develop Nagari Salimpek into a model village for herbal cosmetics. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge among posyandu (integrated health service post) community health volunteers in Nagari Salimpek regarding TOGA. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising questions related to the cultivation and use of TOGA. Responses were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. A total of 17 respondents participated in the study, all of whom were female. The largest age group was those over 50 years old (29.4%). The majority of respondents had an educational background at the elementary or high school level (70.4%). The most common occupation among participants was housewife (64.7%). Additionally, most respondents reported owning the land used for cultivating Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) (64.7%). The findings showed that 70% of posyandu community health volunteers had a good level of knowledge regarding TOGA. To further enhance awareness and understanding, it is recommended that regular educational programs and counseling sessions be conducted, focusing on the importance and health benefits of TOGA.

The Association Between Etiology and Clinical Symptoms and Signs in Conjunctivitis Patients at Makrayu Primary Health Center, Palembang, in 2024

Anang Tribowo — 2026-01-18

Conjunctivitis is a common eye disease in Indonesia, with "other" etiologies dominant (72.1%), followed by viral (16.6%), allergic (8.7%), and bacterial (2.6%) in 229 patients at Makrayu Health Center, Palembang, 2024. This cross-sectional analytical observational study evaluated etiology associations with clinical symptoms and signs using chi-square test (α=0.05). No significant association found for allergic etiology with clinical manifestations (p>0.050). Significant associations existed for bacterial etiology with morning sticky eyes (p=0.000) and discharge (p=0.025); viral with watery eyes (p=0.002) and discharge (p=0.013); and other etiologies with discharge (p=0.014). Findings support symptom-based clinical diagnosis for appropriate therapy and reducing irrational antibiotic.

Effect of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf Extract on AST and ALT Enzyme in CCl4-Induced Rats

Tri Suciati — 2026-01-18

This study investigates the effect of sweet potato leaf extract on AST and ALT enzyme levels in rats with liver damage induced by CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride). Liver damage, often caused by toxins like CCl4, is a significant health concern, and AST and ALT are key biomarkers used to assess liver function. Sweet potato leaves, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may offer therapeutic benefits for liver protection. This study aims to evaluate the potential of sweet potato leaf extract in mitigating liver damage by examining its effect on liver enzymes in CCl4-induced rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The normal control group received no treatment, the positive control group was treated with silymarin (50 mg/kg body weight orally per day), and the negative control group received CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weight intraperitoneally twice a week) to induce liver damage. The experimental groups received sweet potato leaf extract at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg body weight orally. All treatments were administered daily for three weeks. The CCl4-induced group showed significantly higher AST and ALT levels compared to the normal control group. However, rats treated with sweet potato leaf extract demonstrated a significant reduction in both enzyme levels, with the highest dose showing the most improvement in liver function. Statistical analysis confirmed that the extract had a dose-dependent effect. Sweet potato leaf extract has a hepatoprotective effect, potentially reducing AST and ALT levels in rats with CCl4-induced liver damage. This study supports its potential as a natural remedy for liver protection, warranting further research for clinical applications.

Potential of Anti-hyperuricemia Effect Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Arcangelisia flava Stems in Model Rats

Fatmawati — 2026-01-18

Hyperuricemia is a condition characterised by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, and if chronic, can lead to gouty arthritis. The treatment for hyperuricemia is allopurinol, but many people use herbal remedies for daily use. Arcangelisia flava contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins, and in vitro tests have demonstrated its effectiveness as an anti-hyperuricaemic agent. This study aims to determine the effect of ethyl acetate extract from A. flava stems in reducing uric acid levels in rats. This was an in vivo experimental study with a pre-post-test, randomized control group design using male white rats (n = 25) in a hyperuricemia condition, administered chicken liver juice twice daily for seven days, and induced by potassium oxonate (250 mg kg^-1 BW) intraperitoneally. Mice were administered ethyl acetate extract from A. flava stems or standard medication for seven days. Blood samples were collected through the ocular vein for analysis. Uric acid levels were measured on days 0, 4, and 7 using a spectrophotometric method with uric acid reagents. Data were analysed using ANOVA and post-hoc Games-Howell tests. Administration of an ethyl acetate extract of A. flava stems at all doses for 7 days significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in rats (p = 0.000), with a percentage reduction in uric acid levels of more than 50% from the initial hyperuricemic condition. Based on statistical analysis, a dose of 100 mg kg-1 BW was effective. The ethyl acetate extract of Arcangelisia flava stems has potential as an anti-hyperuricemic agent.

Effect Of Gambir Toothpaste on Tooth Remineralization

Haliza Aulia Rizal — 2026-06-29

Enamel is the outermost and hardest tissue of the tooth crown, composed of approximately 96% inorganic and 4% organic material. A reduction in the mineral content leads to demineralization, a process that can be reversed through remineralization, which can be enhanced by using toothpaste formulated with natural ingredients, such as gambir. This study aims to determine the effect of gambir toothpaste on tooth remineralization. Ten premolar crowns were divided into two groups: Group A (gambir toothpaste) and Group B (control). Initial hardness was measured using a Vickers Hardness Tester. Each sample was treated for 30 minutes daily for 14 days, then soaked in artificial saliva and incubated at 37ºC. Hardness was measured again after remineralization using the same method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Paired t-test and the independent t-test. Results showed a significant increase in enamel hardness within each group; however, the independent t-test indicated no significant difference between the two groups. Gambir toothpaste did not demonstrate a significantly different remineralization effect compared to the placebo.

Successful Management of a 31-Year-Old Woman with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Nopriyati — 2026-06-29

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction most commonly induced by medications. Early recognition and multidisciplinary supportive care are pivotal to reduce morbidity and mortality. A 31-year-old woman presented with widespread erythematous scaly patches and flaccid bullae involving approximately 62% body surface area, with oral and ocular mucosal involvement, four days after receiving multiple oral medications post-cesarean section. Laboratory workup revealed hypoalbuminemia, anemia, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury. SCORTEN at admission was 2. Management included withdrawal of suspected drugs, systemic corticosteroid (IV methylprednisolone), aggressive fluid and wound care (NaCl wet dressing, Cutimed Sorbact coverage), topical antimicrobials, ophthalmic care including autologous serum eye drops, and multidisciplinary consultations. The patient improved and was discharged after 23 days. In conclusions, early recognition and evidence-based multidisciplinary management are crucial to optimizing outcomes in TEN.

Literature Review: Evaluation of the Effect of Swab Type and DNA Isolation Protocol on the Success of Touch DNA Genetic Profiling

Nurul Hidayah — 2026-06-30

Touch DNA, trace DNA transferred upon contact with a surface is often very low in quantity and susceptible to degradation, making the success of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) profiling highly dependent on the collection method (swab type and technique) and DNA isolation protocol. A variety of collection devices (cotton, rayon, flocked/nylon, foam, microFLOQ) and isolation approaches (spin-column/silica, magnetic-bead, organic/phenol-chloroform; direct/LCN workflows) have been reported to produce different results on different substrates and sample conditions. Assess comparative evidence regarding the influence of swab type and DNA isolation protocol on the quality and efficacy of genetic profiling in touch DNA samples; identify best practices and research gaps for forensic/biomedical applications. The journal search identified 10 journals that met the specified inclusion criteria. The studies used case-control and cohort study designs. While some differences in the results were found for each study, they nevertheless shared similarities in the DNA isolation methods used for tracking and touch DNA. Based on the review results, it can be concluded that swab selection (type, material) and sampling techniques (swabbing, tape lifting, micromanipulation) are very important, especially for difficult surfaces such as metal or rough surfaces. Sample pre-processing (handling, storage, surface cleaning, contamination prevention) must be optimized to minimize DNA loss.

Pharmacogenomics in Anesthesiology: Tailoring Drug Selection and Dosing

Ziske Maritska — 2026-07-08

Pharmacogenomics, the study of how genetic variation shapes drug response, is increasingly relevant to anesthesiology, a specialty in which rapid drug administration and narrow safety margins magnify the consequences of interindividual variability. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on pharmacogenomic determinants of anesthetic drug response, drawing on 27 peer-reviewed publications identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (January 2019–September 2025). Variants in CYP2D6, CYP2B6, UGT1A9, OPRM1, BCHE, and RYR1 influence opioid analgesia, antiemetic efficacy, propofol pharmacokinetics, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia and prolonged apnea. Clinical translation is most mature for RYR1-based malignant hyperthermia risk stratification, BCHE deficiency screening, and CYP2D6-guided opioid and antiemetic selection; pragmatic trials confirm reduced opioid consumption without compromised analgesia. Reproducibility of weaker associations, limited population diversity, unresolved variants of uncertain significance, and uncertain cost-effectiveness continue to constrain routine implementation. Future progress depends on rapid genotyping, multi-ethnic validation, pediatric-specific evidence, polygenic risk models, and integration into electronic health record–based decision support. Pharmacogenomics is positioned to evolve from a supplementary tool into a central pillar of individualized perioperative care.

Development of Beta-Carotene Extract and Caffeine Hydrogel-Based for Wound Healing

Sonlimar Mangunsong — 2026-07-20

The skin, as the largest organ in the human body, plays a vital role in protecting the body from external damage and microbial invasion, while maintaining the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and essential nutrients. Skin injuries, often resulting from accidents, can lead to wounds that require prompt healing to prevent complications and infections. The use of preparation containing natural antioxidant agents is an essential part of wound care. Recent studies continue to explore various materials for wound healing, with hydrogels emerging as an effective delivery system due to their unique properties. This study aims to formulate a beta-carotene hydrogel and caffeine polymer-based topical gel for wound healing and protection. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the physical properties, pH, viscosity, and spreadability of the hydrogel over a storage period of 28 and 56 days. Additionally, the study investigates wound healing effectiveness in animal models 28 rats are divided into three groups, each containing 4 rats. by assessing the healing time, collagen formation, Ephitalization, and fibroblast over a 3-week period. The results analyzed using ANOVA, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Previous research has demonstrated that beta-carotene, isolated from carrot extracts, and nano-caffeine formulations have shown promising results in wound healing. The findings of this study are expected to contribute valuable insights into the development of effective topical treatments. This research offers a potential advancement in the field of wound care and topical drug delivery systems.

Effect of Terpenoid Compounds in Coriander Seeds (Coriandrum sativum L) as Antibacterial Agent: A Review

Vivi Hendra Sutandar — 2026-07-22

Bacterial infections disrupt the balance between bacterial virulence and host resistance. Bacterial infections are easier to treat than viral infections, as the arsenal of antimicrobial agents active against bacteria is broader. Illness is caused by injury to the cells by organisms or the body’s immune responses. Terpenoids are compounds derived from plants and are widely reported to have antimicrobial activity inhibitors. These agents can exert direct bactericidal action by blocking bacterial DNA synthesis, inhibiting ATPase activity, inhibiting biofilm formation, or disrupting membrane integrity or permeability. Terpenoids constitute a significant source of bioactive natural products. Due to their lipophilic characteristics, terpenoids have become one of the main antimicrobial agents against various microorganisms. This study aims to determine the effect of terpenoid compounds as antibacterial agents. This writing method is a literature study with literature sources for the last 5 years through search sites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Clinical Key, and Science Direct. These various literature sources indicate that terpenoid compounds are agents that have antibacterial activity. Coriander seeds have antibacterial activity and can inhibit bacterial growth, depending on the concentration. The compound that acts as an antibacterial is a terpenoid, especially the linalool compound.

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Schizophrenia: A Review of Evidence from the Past Five Years

Mohammad Hilal Atthariq Ramadhan — 2026-07-22

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable yet polygenic and clinically heterogeneous psychiatric disorder for which DNA sequence variation alone does not fully explain individual risk, age of onset, or treatment response. Over the past five years, epigenome-wide association studies, chromatin profiling, and non-coding RNA analyses have provided convergent evidence that DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulatory RNAs mediate the interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental exposure across the lifespan. This narrative review synthesizes literature published between 2021 and 2026 on three major epigenetic mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia: DNA methylation dysregulation, histone post-translational modification, and dysregulated non-coding RNA networks, together with emerging evidence on prenatal and childhood adversity as upstream triggers and antipsychotic medication, particularly clozapine, as both a downstream confound and a potential epigenetic modulator. Differentially methylated positions identified through recent epigenome-wide association studies converge with risk loci identified by large genome-wide association studies, histone acetylation and methylation are altered in postmortem cortical tissue and oligodendroglial-lineage cells, and long non-coding RNAs such as GOMAFU together with several microRNAs are dysregulated in blood and brain. Epigenetic clocks and methylation risk scores show promise as peripheral biomarkers, yet tissue specificity, medication confounding, and a scarcity of longitudinal data remain major barriers to clinical translation. Continued integration of multi-omic and longitudinal study designs is required before epigenetic markers can be translated into tools for early detection, patient stratification, or treatment monitoring in schizophrenia.

Natural Anthocyanins as Potential Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic Review

Evi Lusiana — 2026-07-22

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring flavonoid pigments widely distributed in red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables. In addition to their established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, accumulating evidence suggests that anthocyanins possess considerable antibacterial potential. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the current scientific evidence regarding the antibacterial efficacy of anthocyanins. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to identify relevant in vitro studies published between 2020 and 2024. Study selection and data synthesis were performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of ten studies fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings demonstrated that anthocyanins isolated from various natural sources, including blueberries, sorghum, red cabbage, wild cabbage, red radish peels, and black chokeberry, exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial mechanisms of anthocyanins were primarily attributed to disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity, inhibition of biofilm formation, and interference with essential metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, further mechanistic investigations are required to elucidate the molecular basis underlying these antibacterial effects. Overall, the available evidence indicates that anthocyanins are promising natural antibacterial agents and may serve as potential candidates for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat the escalating global challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Nifedipine Use Patterns in Preeclamptic Pregnant Women at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital

Raesya Adeliana Putri — 2026-07-25

Preeclampsia is a condition in pregnant women characterized by hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, along with proteinuria ≥ 300 mg. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, is commonly used in the treatment of preeclampsia due to its rapid onset of action and lack of teratogenic effects. This study aims to determine the pattern of nifedipine use in pregnant women with preeclampsia at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. This drug utilization study was conducted using medical records of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from June 1, 2020, to July 31, 2022. A total of 210 samples were obtained using total sampling. Data were collected based on inclusion criteria and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows. Among the 210 patients with preeclampsia, the majority were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia (99%), aged over 35 years (54.3%), housewives (85.2%), multigravida (68.6%), multiparous (40.5%), and in the third trimester of pregnancy (95.2%). Nifedipine was administered at a dose of 10–20 mg (100%), with a frequency of ≤ 4 times per day (100%), and a duration of ≥ 1 day (100%). Most drug interactions observed were of the synergistic type (21%). One patient (0.5%) had a contraindication (mitral regurgitation) and did not meet the inclusion criteria. The pattern of nifedipine use in pregnant women with preeclampsia at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital was appropriate based on rational drug use criteria, including correct dosage (100%), frequency of administration (100%), duration of treatment (100%), and drug interaction profile (100%).

An Overview of The Anxiolytic Potential of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.)

Nita Parisa — 2026-07-25

Anxiety disorders are common mental health conditions, and Cinnamomum spp. has emerged as a potential natural source of anxiolytic agents. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the anxiolytic potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.). depending on experimental animal studies available. We performed a PubMed, Cochrane, Wiley and Springer search and found 79 articles of which five met the inclusion criteria. Of the chosen studies, various plant parts (stems/branches/leaves), preparations of extracts, and essential oils from cinnamon species were evaluated. Overall, the findings showed that response were anxiety-reducing for cinnamon in several experimental measures such as elevated plus maze, open field test, forced swim test and social interaction test. One of the main bioactive constituent, cinnamaldehyde, was proposed to have contributed to these effects through antioxidant activity and/or regulation of neuronal function. Inhaled cinnamon essential oil was also shown to have a rapid restorative effect, thus supporting fast nasal pathways from nose to brain. In conclusion, there are promising potentials of cinnamon as an anxiolytic but more consistent studies and clinical trials should be carried out to confirm its effectiveness and safety for widespread use.

Psoriasis and Interaction with Simvastatin as Adjuvant Therapy

Irvandra Afren — 2026-07-27

Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease, mediated by immune system, with common comorbidities are metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, associated with fat metabolism. One component of fat is cholesterol, an essential lipophilic molecule for humans. The structure of cholesterol is divided into three, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and rigid structures, allowing cholesterol to regulate various cellular processes in the body. Cholesterol made by cell in the body mostly, and the rest is obtained from food. There is a complex relationship between cholesterol metabolism and psoriasis. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism affects keratinocyte function and then worsens psoriasis lesions. Antipsoriasis drugs have varying effects on cholesterol, while statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, have a good effect on psoriasis patients. Simvastatin has a good effect on psoriasis patients. Using simvastatin as an adjuvant therapy for psoriasis is a good choice to get a better results and long remition time.

Melasma Adjuvant Therapy Using Edelweiss Callus Extract in Combination with Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Glutathione, and Cannula Injection Technique: A Case Report

Asoka Murascandrika — 2026-07-27

Melasma is a long-lasting hyperpigmentation syndrome that is manifested by symmetrical brown macules on the face. Treatment choices are intended to enhance effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Recently, regenerative botanical compounds as anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant plants have been increasingly emphasized, especially the Edelweiss callus extract. Not just for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, this botanical also affects melanogenesis in a manner that provides excellent safety versus conventional depigmenting agents. The Edelweiss callus extract contains leontopodic acids, flavonoids and phenolic constituents which not only are advantageous in protecting against oxidative damage but also reduces tyrosinase activity and helps to restore epidermal barrier function. This report details a 38-year-old female patient with melasma that had been present in her skin for 5 years despite previous topical depigmenting agents and chemical peels; she underwent cannula-guided injection therapy. By methods recognized by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property in Indonesia, PDRN, glutathione and Edelweiss callus extract were included in the formulation. There was significant clinical improvement after six treatment sessions, resulting in the gradual lightening of hyperpigmented areas with improvements in texture of the skin after three treatment sessions (no significant adverse reactions reported). All of these findings indicate that phytoconstituent-based complementary therapies are effective in treating melasma when applied safely with Edelweiss callus extract.